学位专题

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  • 封面
    声明
    Acknowledgements
    Abstract
    Table of Contents
    List of Tables and Figures
    Introduction
    1．1．Canada and the Arctic
    1．2．Objective of the thesis
    1．3．Scope，delimitation and outline
    1．4．Legal Source and Methodology
    1．5．Literature Review
    The need to protect the fragile Arctic Marine Environment and greatest challenges to reach this goal
    Currant trends in research of legislation to prevent pollution to the marine environment from shipping activities in the Arctic
    The status of Canadian environmental law for the protection of the marine environment
    2．Shipping in the Canadian Arctic and the Northwest Passage
    2．1．Current shipping activities in the Arctic
    2．2．Future shipping activities in the Arctic
    2．3．The Cruise Shipping Industry and its Environmental Impact
    Vessel Pollution Caused by Discharge of Garbage in the Ocean
    2．4．Environmental Impact of Cruise Shipping in the Canadian Arctic Region
    Vessel Pollution Caused by Accident in the Canadian Arctic
    3．International Conventions and Standards for Marine Environmental Protection relevant to Cruise Ship Pollution
    3．1．Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1972) and the 1996 Protocol (London Convention and London Protocol)
    3．2．International Maritime Organization
    IMO Polar Code
    IMO International Safety Management Code (ISM Code)
    International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)，1973／78
    3．3．UNCLOS：Ice Covered Areas and pollution prevention from ships
    3．4．Arctic Council
    Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP)
    Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
    Emergency Prevention，Preparedness and Response (EPPR)
    Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME)
    Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG)
    3．5．Bilateral Agreements
    3．6．Industry Standards
    Cruise Lines International Association Industry Standard：Cruise Industry Waste Management Practice and Procedures
    3．7．Non-Governmental Organization Standards and Guidelines
    World Wildlife Fund’s Ten Principles for Arctic Tourism
    4．Canadian Legislation for the Prevention of Pollution from Cruise Ships
    4．1．Existing regulations，standards and guidelines
    Canada Shipping Act
    Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and for Dangerous Chemicals
    Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations
    Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act
    Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Regulations
    Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations
    Oceans Act
    Fisheries Act
    Canada Environmental Protection Act 1999
    Canadian Technical Guidelines
    4．2．Institutional Framework
    Transport Canada
    Canadian Coast Guard
    TC National Aerial Surveillance Program (NASP)
    4．3．Compliance
    4．4．Enforcement
    4．5．Criteria for success
    5．Analysis of strengths and gaps in legislation for the prevention of pollution from cruise ships
    6．Conclusion
    6．1．Limitations and Future Study
    References
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关于大型船舶对北极地区污染的研究：加拿大《环境法》是一个合适的解决方案么？

Campo Santiago Christina Soledad
中国海洋大学
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Cruise shipping in the Arctic region is a growing industry,yet there is no widespread discussion on how to deal efficiently with cruise ship garbage and sewage pollution in the Arctic region.Especially now that the industry is planning to bring larger passenger vessels through the Arctic region,one of the last pristine natural ecosystems in the world,waste management thus becomes a pressing issue.Canada has been lauded for its stringent regulations regarding oil spills and discharges.With the upcoming increase in cruise ship operations in the Canadian Arctic,it is of particular interest to develop an in-depth analysis of the regulatory system,currently in place in Canada,for garbage and sewage discharge management from passenger vessels.The research focused on the analysis of the relevant international regulations and Canadian legislation,aimed at the prevention of pollution applicable to cruise shipping.Scholarly articles,international and national legislation,reports and technical guidelines,and cases of marine incidents were collected and analyzed in order to provide a detailed study of the pros and cons of current Canadian environmental regulations in the Arctic region.In addition,suggestions for strengthening the regulatory system and for application of measuresto protect this environment are provided.The results of the research describe the strengths and weaknesses of Canadian legislation while contrasting it with international regulations in place.Potential gaps and challenges include a lack of capacity,lack of infrastructure,information gaps,and lack of binding regulations and administrative body.Suggestions are provided inorder to achieve a more sustainable management of tourism activities in the Arctic region.Some of the main recommendations to aid in the mitigation of negative impacts to the Arctic environment are establishing clear and stringent regulations for the management of sewageand grey water,establishing a governing authority, creating a cruise tax and certification scheme and including local communities in the environmental protection system.Inconclusion,the Canadian legislation for the pollution prevention of Arctic waters from cruising activities is going in the right direction but it's likely insufficient for the upcoming needs of the projected increase of cruise shipping in the Arctic。

航运邮轮;污染治理;北极地区;《环境法》;加拿大

中国海洋大学

硕士

环境与资源保护法学

郭培清

2015

中文

D971.126

104

2016-01-27（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）